#1 2023

CONTENTS №1

Aristova N.N.  Evolution of industrial automation in the recent 20 years

The paper reviews the evolution of automation tools and systems and digital technologies applied at modern industrial sites and focuses on the gradual transition from integrated automation to digitalization.

Keywords: evolution, SCADA system, MES, controllers, sensors, actuators, Ethernet, wireless communication, data communication protocols, embedded technologies, cybersecurity, process control algorithms, Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0.

Efitov G.L., Anosov A.A., Baulin E.S.  Premises and evolution of Russian fuel blending system

The paper briefly overviews the deployment of fuel blending optimization systems at Russian refineries and the evolution of the local implementation team. Fuel blending optimization was among the first applications of linear programming. The need for executing practical industrial tasks resulted in consistent improvement of optimization problem solvers and, hence, to wider range of functionalities. Over many years, such software was supplied to Russian market by foreign vendors only. The paper presents SM-Mix, the new Russian software suite with functionality comparable to or even exceeding foreign analogs.

Keywords: blending optimization, optimal planning, off-line optimization.

Martinov G.M., Martinova L.I.  AksiOMA Control design platform for specialized NC systems: state of the art and development outlook

The paper determines the place of AksiOMA Control platform in the field of hi-end NC systems and compares it against the global trends. It further examines a custom NC system developed on the basis of AksiOMA Control for ST16A18 machine. Test results of NC system’s real-time module based on Elbrus-8C processor are included. Further short-term research is outlined.

Keywords: NC systems, digitalization, real-time module, multi-touch interface, multichannel and multi-axis machining.

Kalyanov G.N.  Business processes: from amorphous definition to formal theory

The state of the art of business process theory is analyzed. The paper offers a brief historical background, sources and theoretical fundamentals and classifies the key lines of investigation with a concise review of the results in each area.

Keywords: business processes, business model, management process, formalization, user value.

Pankov D.A., Pankov I.A., Denisova L.A.  Automation of development and testing of digital communication systems with reference to layered architecture

The paper discusses the architecture of digital communication systems, which must meet extended requirements to operability under failures and malfunctions. Engineering solutions on the implementation of hardware and software ensuring the protection against the vulnerabilities in the system’s digital circuit at both levels as well as at the radio signal control level. Hard-/software systems will be tested by simulating possible failures using probabilistic assessments of system’s state for reducing the defect search area.

Keywords: digital communication systems, software testing, fault simulation, hard-/software system, information security.

Kondusov D.V., Kondusova V.B., Lar’kina A.A.  Digitalization of the collaboration of vendor and user over the lifecycle of science-intensive products

The current state of the support of science-intensive product lifecycle is discussed. A way to digitalize the interaction of vendor and user within the lifecycle contract is proposed. Advanced methods and technologies for digital adaptation of production enterprises are analyzed along with appropriate digital twin concepts.

Keywords: digitalization, PLM, monitoring, lifecycle contract, digital twin.

Livshits I.I.  Historical overview of process control components security

The paper examines the approaches to estimating the information security of process control components, analyzes commercial “imposed” solutions and the existing guidelines in the field of information security. It strongly recommends the closes adherence to basic information security requirements including the training of the necessary number of specialists in technical universities and the development of trustworthy vertical process control architecture in Russian Federation. These actions are the key steps on the way to attaining digital sovereignty.

Keywords: process control system, functional safety, informational security, import replacement, risks, audit, compliance assessment, digital sovereignty.

Tyrva V.O.  On the theoretical grounds of control process automation in a human–machine system

The paper analyzes the theoretical grounds of control process automation in human–machine systems with the help of the model of actions and responses of human operator and machine developed in cognitive engineering. The state space method is used to formalize the concept of anthropomorphic control in a human–machine system. The possibility and expediency of implementing the anthropomorphic control and the control automaton at the target designation, planning, and implementation levels. The possibility of applying anthropomorphic control templates in program calculation and feedback control synthesis. The research results in the mathematical models of incomplete representations of elementary movements, discrete control signals, and the elements of the hierarchical system of purposes. The information about model testing in natural experiments with ergative navigator–vessel system.

Keywords: human–machine system, human operator, control, automation, model.

Efimkin I.V., Slastenov I.V., Shumovsky D.Yu., Shumovsky O.Yu., Kurkin A.V.  Modeling of anti-surge protection of centrifugal compressor based on surge testing data

The paper presents a procedure for calculating surge control line position based on surge testing data. The procedure enables the formation of the surge protection curve for process simulation software such as UniSim Design, HYSYS, Petro-SIM, Pro/II, GasCondNeft, etc. Strict order of surge testing data recalculation into the parameters necessary for surge curve modeling is established. The organization of on-line performance curve monitoring for compressor control is also discussed. The formulae presented allow for physical dimensions confirmed by real-life compressor data. The procedure is simple to implement and can be used by field operations staff.

Keywords: modeling, surge protection, surge testing, online monitoring, centrifugal compressor.

Zakharov N.A.  Web 3.0: new opportunities and new challenges

The paper discusses Web 3.0 technology and shows its differences from Web 1.0 and 2.0. Web 3.0 is based on decentralized information exchange using blockchain. The concept of metaverse is introduced, the principles of its economy formation using NFT are shown. Principal Web 3.0 design components, such as blockchains, libraries, wallets, smart contracts, and virtual reality systems, are outlined. Key risks are considered, such as the lack of control regulation and supervision, dissemination of false information, and the lack of confidentiality.

Keywords: Web 3.0, ecosystem, metaverse, blockchain, decentralization, virtual reality, smart contract.