#6 2013

CONTENTS №6

Industrial automation companies

The 60th anniversary of Endress+Hauser

The evolution of Endress+Hauser is overviewed. Key events and trends of the industrial automation market over the recent 10 years are discussed.

Keywords: automation, measurements, level sensors, digital protocols, wireless communication.

Discussing a Subject…

Process gas and liquid analyzers

Introduction

Anosov A.A., Efitov G.L., Zusman S.D. Real-time gasoline blending optimization using an on-line blend quality analyzer

The paper describes an estimation technique for minimum octane number of a gasoline blend (this value is a target in a finished gasoline blending task). The objectives and functionality of a real-time blending optimization system are formulated. An algorithm for periodic verification of process analyzers as a necessary part of the optimization system is described. Application experience of optimization systems using process analyzer is discussed.

Keywords: blending optimization system, verification, calibration, process analyzers, infrared spectroscopy.

Mcdermott L., Malik A.  FTIR analyzer application for improved benzene content monitoring

Control targets for a distillation column at Phillips 66 Wood River refinery are set. Selection criteria for a system enabling real-time benzene content monitoring are formulated. The distillation column was equipped with a two-stream FTIR analyzer with extended spectral range in the medium infrared region; its structure and functionality as well as the calibration features are described.

Keywords: distillation column, benzene, FTIR analyzer, advanced control, calibration, IR spectroscopy with Fourier transform.

Kigel A., Zilberman I.I.  Real-time feedstock and product quality control using correlation techniques for NIR and NMR measurements

The paper examines the application of process analyzers based on correlation techniques at oil refining and petrochemical plants with the focus on NIR and NMR analyzers for plant monitoring and optimization. Application features of chemometric data processing techniques are discussed.

Keywords: NIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, calibration model, chemometric technique.

Mikhalitsin L.A.  Application of IR Fourier spectroscopy for analyzing physical and chemical properties of oil products

The advantages of process analyzers are considered as against the instruments based on conventional physical chemical property measurements. Operation principle and merits of IR Fourier spectroscopy are discussed. Development stages of a calibration model for FT-NIR analyzers are described. Spectral diagrams of gasoline analysis and calibration model validation from BrukerOptics spectrometers are included.

Keywords: IR Fourier spectroscopy, process spectral analyzer, calibration model, industrial sensors and cells.

Yoshitaka Yu., Murata A.  Optimal control of combustion process using TDLS200 tunable diode laser gas analyzer

The paper presents the TDLS200 new generation laser gas analyzer based on absorption spectroscopy with a tunable diode laser. The instrument features high selectivity and long-term stability and is aimed at fast in-situ analysis in harsh gaseous media and under high temperatures. The techniques of real-time CO content measurement in flue gas with TDLS200 for optimal combustion control and environmental protection is described.

Keywords: laser gas analyzer, absorption spectroscopy, diode laser, carbon monoxide concentration, flue gas.

Selchenkov V.L.  Data measuring channel of a process chromatograph for gas-measuring stations

Measuring systems of gas-measuring stations are aimed at calculating physical properties such as density, gas-compressibility factor and calorific value based on gas composition. this increases significantly the number of measurement uncertainties. Gas-measuring station design includes a section named “metrological assurance” where measurement error bounds of measuring instruments are analyzed as well as any additional errors, which may appear if an instrument is connected with a data measuring channel. Sources of basic errors and possible additional uncertainties of data measuring channels used for determining physicochemical gas parameters are discussed.

Keywords: data measuring channels, measuring system, gas-measuring stations, process gas chromatograph.

Klepcha R.R.  Measuring techniques for process chromatograph at gas measuring stations with extended range of gas composition changes

Industrial gas chromatograph is intended for automatic analysis of natural gas components with the subsequent calculation of higher and lower heat values, density and Wobbe index. A standard measuring techniques described in GOST 31371.7 – 2008 Russian National Standard (“Natural Gas. Composition Measurement by Means of Gas Chromatography Techniques with Uncertainty Estimation”) is currently used. The technique is effective in a rather narrow calibration range. The paper discussed the certified techniques developed by BINAR for wider range of natural gas composition changes.

Keywords: measuring system, measuring techniques, gas-measuring stations, process gas chromatograph.

Zulkarneev R.R.  Process gas analyzers from SICK

Features, measuring techniques and application areas of SICK’s process gas analyzers are discussed.

Keywords: process gas analyzers, sample preparations, hot extraction, calibration.

Yershov A.A.  How to make uninterrupted power uninterrupted indeed?

Selection criteria for uninterrupted power sources and energy storage device dependent on operating conditions are presented.

Keywords: uninterrupted power sources, energy storage device, power supply, monitoring.

Vechkanova O.A.  System Q Series PLC from Mitsubishi Electric for oil and gas industry automation

Performance data, features, and capabilities of System Q Series PLC from Mitsubishi Electric are presented; their advantages for oil and gas application are emphasized. An example of a control system for gas treatment facility at Milkovo gas-condensate field (Ukraine) based on System Q PLC is adduced.

Keywords: PLC, oil and gas industry, reliability, redundancy, safety, gas treatment unit.

Kutukov K.I., Sycheva E.E.  Integration of Sh932.9A video recorders in various process control systems

The paper examines the opportunities of integrating Sh932.9A video recorders with most of key process control components. The topic looks relevant because the integration of multivendor devices always arise during the integration of various devices and sensors in a single process control system.

Keywords: video recorder, device polling frequency, master/slave devices, integration, twisted pair, Ethernet, radio channel.

Patisov R.O.  Variable frequency drives and soft start devices: competent approach to equipment selection

Key characteristics of variable frequency drives and soft start devices, which should underlie the selection of industrial equipment, are overviwed.

Keywords: variable frequency drive, soft start device, rectifier, inverter, start moment.

Alexeev A.A., Alexeev V.A.  The experience of EMICON CJSC in process control system development for Transneft JSC

The paper overviews key development phases of EMICON CJSC, which celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2013. The focus is made on design and development of process control systems for Transneft JSC sites. Merits and drawbacks of advanced design based on standard solutions are discussed.

Keywords: controller, PLC, process control system, standard design solutions, advanced design.

Konstantinov A.V.  Russian controllers Fastwel I/O look out for energy resources

A hard-/software system implementing the Russian national standard for gas-liquid mass flow measurement unit is presented. The requirements to equipment used for generating the standard are formulated, system architecture, hardware and software are described.

Keywords: gas-liquid mass flow measurement unit, multi-phase flowmeter, controller, hydrocarbons tracking.

Bubnova E.I., Mikelson O.V.  Gas analysis and monitoring system for hazardous accumulations

The paper describes design concepts, architecture, composition and functionality of a versatile hazardous accumulation monitoring system development by Automated Systems Laboratory PJSC.

Keywords: safety, air quality control, gas analyzers, monitoring, diagnosis, redundancy, emergency logic, PLC.

Rysina V.N.  RFID technology application in petroleum industry: practice and outlook

Application of RF identification technology in petroleum industry is discussed. Examples of RFID application in major foreign oil companies for supplies and equipment monitoring are adduced.

Keywords: RF identification, wireless sensor networks, positioning systems, oil production, drilling rigs, drill pipes, pipe corrosion.

Korol’kov V.G., Gryzhov V.K., Gryzhov E.V.  Flexible analog-to-digital converter with the example of a self-balancing voltmeter

A flexible analog-to-digital converter is designed in VisSim simulation environment as a self-balancing voltmeter. A nonuniform scale was applied for the quantization of reference signals shifted by the same time lag. An algorithm for reference signal sampling and adding is offered, which enables an individual measurement within a single clock step. The converter model allows further improvements and additions that opens up the opportunities for research and development of control systems’ measurement components.

Keywords: signal converter, self-balancing, block-module model, reference signals, filter, comparison element, adder, multiplier, binary coding.

Lubentsova E.V., Masyutina G.V., Rudakova T.A., Lubentsov V.F.  и  Synthesis of interval control system with an adaptive PID controller

An adaptive technique is offered for PID controller tuning on the basis of functional relations between the optimal controller settings and the plant’s gain. For interval-type plants, the constant stability margin as maintained under plant’s gain changes.

Keywords: interval system, adaptive PID controller, robust controller, maximum degree of stability, transient process.