#7 2022

CONTENTS №7

Discussing a Topic…

Digital twins

Dozortsev V.M.  Digital twins in industrial automation – The height of fashion or the future that has come

Based on the analysis of 320 publications from the years 2020-22¸ the paper overviews the current state and the novelties in the development and application of digital twins (DT) in industrial automation and other fields. It discusses the professional community’s understanding of the structure, destination, and scope of the DT concept. The paper also outlines basic DT technologies, their short- and long-term development prospects. Finally, it lists the recent key publications on the investigation of DT concept and technologies, the development of sectoral solutions, adjacent concepts, and integrated approaches such as municipal DT.

Keywords: digital twin, cyber-physical systems, cyber-physical-social systems, cognitive digital twins, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, big data analysis, machine learning, simulation modeling, hybrid simulation, surrogate model, visualization of digital twins, data-communication networks, intelligent city, intelligent manufacturing.

Menn A.A., Dozortsev V.M.  Digital twins in municipal economy

The paper analyses the application of digital twins in the control of municipal sites and infrastructure including transport. It examines the specificity of big cities in the context of their control with the help of DT and cites several examples of global and domestic municipal DT solutions for both megalopolises and medium-size historical cities. Further DT development outlook and the features of their implementation in Russian conditions are discussed. Key 2020-22 publications on municipal DT are reviewed.

Keywords: urban agglomerations, intelligent city, digital twins, infrastructural and social networks, artificial intelligence, building information models (BIM), Internet of Things, big data analysis, immersive technologies, population mobility.

Alekseeva P.G., Tsar’kov G.Yu., Panarin M.V., Balandin A.V., Panarin M.V., Maslova A.A.  Approbation of integrated digital twin system in the existing supervision system for natural gas emission prevention

The results of comprehensive investigation of occurrence factors and prevention mechanisms of emergency failures of capital equipment of gas distribution facilities are presented. The research was executed by means of a hard-/software toolkit, which generates the integrated digital twin system (IDTS) for gas distribution network facilities. IDTS is based on singleboard neurocomputers installed at gas distribution sites. The neurocomputers analyze process data (pressure, acoustic and vibratory signatures, other related operation indices) by means of neural network technology for preventing emergency failures and improving the operating reliability of equipment. The results presented in the paper ensue from IDTS implementation for the groups of test plants: several gas-regulating points of a gas-distributing station. Historical data and real-time working data processing models are included in the operating analytics and supervision system.

Keywords: telemetering, data analysis, neural networks, artificial intelligence, relief safety valve, natural gas emissions to ambient.

Massel’ L.V., Massel’ A.G., Shchukin N.I., Tsybikov A.R., Losev A.S.  Building digital twins of wind and solar power plants on the basis of ontological approach

Topical questions of digital twin development for solar and wind power industries are examined. The authors describe an ontological approach, which they develop and apply in the design and implementation of digital twins. The paper outlines the adapted phases of ontological engineering, cites examples of ontological knowledge space fragments, and provides the ontology of tasks for a digital twin of a photoelectric system. Special attention is paid to the analysis of present-day visualization technologies and their possible application in digital twin development.

Keywords: digital twins, ontological engineering, visualization, renewable energy sources.

Chereshko A.A.  Quality estimators based on digital models

The paper proposes a method for developing quality estimators (aka soft sensors) with the help of identification models obtained by means of a machine learning techniques named associative search. At each time step, an approximating hypersurface for the space of input vectors and respective single-dimensional outputs is developed. Numerical modeling is undertaken, the advantages of the new method as against the conventional ones are demonstrated.

Keywords: quality estimator, model predictive control, identification, machine learning, clustering methods, associative search.

Discussing a Topic…

Metrology

Genkina R.I., Kroshkin A.N.  Calibration: an effective method for metrological service of field sensors in process control

Field sensors used in control systems should undergo regular metrological service during their operation. Governmental regulations consider checking procedure as a single approach to ensure traceability. At the same time, a large variety of industrial measuring instruments are operated beyond the national traceability regulations. The efficiency of metrological service for these instruments can be significantly improved by means of calibration. As far as the calibration activity is regulated little, calibration quality and credit improvement become relevant. In practice, this can be attained through calibration laboratory participation in the national calibration system.

Keywords: sensor, process control, calibration, checking, measuring instrument.

Kobzeva K.A., Kalashnikov A.A.  Software decoder for automated metrological assurance systems of A-plant measuring channels

Explosive growth in the number measuring channels (MC) at present-day A-plants causes the need for automated metrological assurance systems. The development of such systems requires the solution to a complex of research and design problems. One of them is the development of software decoder able to identify the automated MC checking mode and switch of the related controllers and safety systems for the checking period. The paper describes the development results of such software decoder based on the simulation of sensors and control hard-/software in MATLAB Simulink environment. It presents the general description of digital technologies and the configuration of automated metrological assurance systems in view of the developed software decoder.

Keywords: sensor, process control, calibration, checking, measuring instrument.

Zolotukhin K.V., Skornyakova E.A.  A computer program for instrument check data communication to Arshin Federal Information System

The process of instrumentation check data communication across an enterprise is investigated. An algorithm and software solution are developed, which generate documents in desirable format for batch transfer of instrument check data to Arshin Federal Information System. The solution improves the check data exchange process.

Keywords: digitalization, checking, instrumentation, software tool, traceability provision.

Kazymov I.M., Kompaneets B.S.  Risk-oriented approach to emergency loss estimation in power industry

The paper offers an algorithm for estimating possible losses caused by emergencies in power engineering. The algorithm allows for power outages and the losses associated with process upsets. A method for analyzing power-supply system state against significant emergency risks is proposed.

Keywords: decision-making, power-supply system state analysis, emergency loss, failure risk, risk-oriented control.

Puzanov A.V., Puzanova K.A.  Modeling the rigidity of the installation of position and orientation sensors of mobile equipment under the influence of accelerations

Mobile technology has received a new impetus for development in the direction of autonomy, miniaturization and robotization. The decrease in weight and size, inertial characteristics, increase in the power of drive engines leads to an increase in the speed of movement of both the mobile equipment itself and on-board equipment and an increase in the impact on them from accelerations and vibrations. The paper presents the results of modeling the rigidity of the installation unit on the composite housing of position and orientation sensors. The obtained data is used for algorithmic compensation of the measured data depending on the actual operating conditions.

Keywords: mobile equipment, navigation equipment, data accuracy improvement, stiffness modeling.

Bochkarev A.V.  Improving the accuracy of quantitative chromatographic analysis with a new peak model

A new chromatographic peak model named “combined Gaussian” is developed for improving the accuracy of quantitative chromatographic analysis. The paper describes the application of this model coupled with wavelet analysis to a challenging signal processing task in chromatography: the discernment of overlapping peaks. By the example of real-life peaks extracted from the recorded chromatograms, the relative errors of the area of overlapping peaks are compared for the method based on the new peak model against the conventional techniques. The new model demonstrates error reduction in the evaluation of overlapping peaks area that results in improved accuracy of quantitative chromatographic analysis.

Keywords: chromatography, quantitative analysis, resolution, overlapping peaks, accuracy improvement, wavelet approximation, combined Gaussian.