#7 2025

CONTENTS №7

Discussing a Topic…

Information and functional security in industry

Rogov A.S., Rogova E.S.  Quantitative analysis of errors in functional safety communication protocols

The fourth edition of IEC 61784-3:2021 on functional safety of fieldbuses introduces significant changes to the methodology of communication error analysis. It adds requirements for quantitative assessment of timeliness, authenticity, and masquerade errors, as well as the proof of the effectiveness for applied CRC polynomials through precise calculation of residual error probabilities of data integrity. These changes imply the adjustments in residual error rate calculations and revisions of numerous foreign functional safety protocols, because previous approaches provided underestimated (optimistic) assessments of communication errors resulting in false compliance with functional safety requirements. The valid Russian standard GOST R IEC 61784-3-2015 is based on the obsolete second edition of IEC 61784-3:2010 and does not incorporate the key changes from the fourth edition. Against this background, the paper analyzes the rationale behind the new requirements in the fourth edition and demonstrates practical implementation of updated residual error rate calculations using the software developed by the authors. The research results confirm the urgent need for updating the national standard in accordance with present-day international requirements.

Keywords: functional safety, communication protocol, safety communication layer, safety integrity level, safety measures, CRC polynomials, process control system.

Koshelev E.V.  Cluster-oriented model for assessing the security of distributed information systems based on fuzzy clustering and resilience metrics

The paper presents a cluster-oriented model for assessing the security of distributed information systems (DIS) based on the Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm and comprehensive resilience metrics. The proposed approach allows for the analysis of the structural properties of the system by grouping components according to multidimensional parameters, including uptime, security level, and the criticality of functional nodes. To analyze the security of DIS, the following indices are used: cluster compactness and separability indices, the modified Davies-Bouldin index, the Dunn index, and external validation methods. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of these indices in terms of the system’s vulnerability to cascading failures and destructive impacts. Work results can be used for the design of resilient distributed systems, the adaptation of protection mechanisms, and the dynamic monitoring of their state under destructive impacts.

Keywords: distributed information systems, fuzzy clustering, resilience, security.

Sagaidak D.A.  Implementation of system approach to the organization of distributed video data communication from robotic complexes for ensuring continuity and confidentiality

The paper proposes a systematic approach to the organization of the distributed communication of video data from industrial robotic complexes for ensuring their continuity and confidentiality. The approach includes the encoding of video frames, the determination of communication channel parameters by means of simulation, and the analytical justification of channel capacity. Encoding algorithms are offered, which split video frames into two unequal parts for insuring their communication confidentiality owing to the impossibility of decoding based on the bigger part without knowing the smaller one. A procedure for analytical calculation of channel capacities of a two-channel video communication system with time optimization is offered. Its distinctive feature is the possibility of estimating system maintenance costs and the synchronization conditions for the transmission of video frame parts. A simulation model developed enables the optimization of a two-channel video communication system with the help of a genetic algorithm. The model underlies the selection of justified channel capacities, it ensures synchronous, continuous, fast and cost-effective data transmission. An experimental study was undertaken for estimating the applicability of the system approach to the organization of the distributed video data transmission. The study makes it possible to evaluate the synchronicity of obtaining video frame parts and to confirm the continuity and confidentiality of video data communication.

Keywords: system approach, video data, encoding, robotic complex, communication channel, capacity, distributed data communication, simulation model, genetic algorithm.

Slabodchikov A.A., Nesterovich Yu.N.  Ensuring cyber security in the conditions of AI application

In the present-day world with technologies penetrating into each aspect of our life, cyber security is becoming increasingly important. It comprises the practices for protecting computer systems, networks, and data against digital attacks. The paper examines possible approaches to ensuring cyber security of IT and industrial systems in the conditions of AI technology application.

Keywords: cyber security, artificial intelligence, cyber threat, legislation, prompt injection attacks, labeling method.

Kireev I.V., Darensky D.A.  From proprietary solutions to an open process control system: the evolution of Russian industrial automation

The events of the recent years made the Russian industrial segment to revise the basic concepts underlying the design of process control systems. The present-day market requires flexible, scalable, and secure solutions. Closed systems with proprietary technologies are being replaced with open-platform solutions with fundamentally different development philosophy. The paper shows how the approach to industrial automation should be revised for ensuring technological breakthrough coupled with the stability and safety of critical production facilities.

Keywords: proprietary systems, open architecture, process control systems, import replacement, cyber security, cross-industry solution.

Chesalov A.Yu.  Development trends of artificial peripheral intelligence in process automation

Present-day industrial enterprises face the need for production process optimization and maintenance cost control. A most efficient way to overcome the challenges is the strategy of predictive and/or prescriptive maintenance of industrial assets based on advanced technologies, in particular, artificial peripheral intelligence (API). An architecture for an API-based predictive equipment maintenance system is offered. The advantages of API application for industries are listed.

Keywords: predictive maintenance, artificial peripheral intelligence, equipment maintenance.

Fatkhullin R.G.  IEC 60870-5-104 protocol in the age of digital transformation: potential, challenges, and integration with IoT

IEC 60870-5-104 protocol is extensively applied in automated control systems of critical infrastructure from substations up to smart cities. The paper discusses the architecture and key functionality of IEC-104, its advantages and limitations. The focus is made on present-day application scenarios including the integration with IoT and IIoT through MQTT ⇄ IEC-104 gateways.

Keywords: IoT, IEC-104, teleautomatics, gateway, SCADA system, cyber security

Rubtsov Yu.V.  Collation algorithm for data normalization in the systems of optimal proposal generation for electronic component selection

The paper discusses the development of a collation algorithm for data normalization. Original data collation methods are examined along with the methods for calculating collation accuracy indices. The algorithm is used in the system of optimal proposal generation for electronic component selection in radio electronic equipment design.

Keywords: electronic components, radio electronic equipment, data mining, machine learning, data collation algorithm, collation accuracy.

Senichkin M.Yu., Frolov A.S., Kalashnikov A.A.  Software development for a test bench of innovative self-calibration systems for measuring channels in A-plant process control

Rapid growth in the number measuring channels in new A-plants under design or construction requires self-calibration systems. Bench testing plays the key role in the development of such systems, because they confirm the performance characteristics and their feasibility for A-plant applications. The paper describes the development of self-calibration software for a test bench.

Keywords: test bench, self-calibration of measuring channels, software, process control system, A-plants.

Ershova I.V., Totmyanin A.A.  Simulation of component part launching in pilot-serial production

The paper investigates the placement of orders for pilot products in lot production conditions. The study relevance is determined by the conflict between need for continuous perfection of pilot products, their components and parts at the operating plant with approved production schedule. Today, the problem is resolved basically by expert judgements at the plant supervisor level within the existing time limits. The problem is compounded by the lack of detailed technical documentation, which defines the labor intensity of operations and the overall duration of the processing cycle of pilot products. The paper describes the developed decision-making algorithm for the placement of a pilot product and its components within the serial production schedule.

Keywords: pilot-serial production, production schedule, simulation.

Kuzmenko V.P.  Reducing electromagnetic interferences from switching-mode power supplies at industrial sites

The paper presents the results of the study of electromagnetic interferences (EMI) arising during the operation of switching-mode power supplies of LED and other loads in industrial power supply systems. The focus is made on physical causes of the formation of the in-phase component of conducted EMI during the parallel operation of many similar sources. Based on experimental data, the paper shows that the synchrony of switching processes results in the increased EMI amplitude. Engineering methods are proposed for reducing the total EMI level, including architectural solutions on incoherent power supply distribution. Practical recommendations are made on selecting filter and delay chain parameters.

Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, industrial lighting, LED lights, switching-mode power supplies, incoherent power supply architecture, electric power quality.

Zelepukin V.N., Kryuchkov S.P., Yunusova E.A.  Mobile capabilities of IP-SCADA in telemetry systems

The paper shows the possibility of using a mobile application for remote monitoring of distributed processes within a telemetry system for gas distribution process at Bashkortostan Republic. It describes key advantages of telemetry systems based on IP-SCADA and cites examples of using mobile applications for browsing the necessary equipment settings and performance data.

Keywords: SCADA, IP-SCADA, remote monitoring, telemetry system, gas distribution process, Web technologies, mobile application.

Kiselev N.I., Kopylov L.A., Mokhina T.A., Netronin I.V., Poverennov E.Yu.  Automation of calculation justification support based on enterprise SPDM

The paper discusses the automation of calculation justification support based on enterprise SPDM system. The detailed implementation of scenarios for various calculation-based justification tools was undertaken in the conditions of the migration to domestic software. The application of advanced solutions resulting in time savings owing to the migration to domestic SPDM system is described.

Keywords: unified information space, calculation justification support, IT support of product lifecycle, SPDM system.

Journal’s Club

Vishnevsky V.M., Menn A.A.  To the 100^th anniversary of V.A. Zhozhikashvili